Vulcanizates of several fluoroelastomers, listed in Table 14.1, were exposed to a standard 5W-30 engine oil, ASTM Service Fluid 105, for up to 6 weeks at 150°C (302°F).5 The oil was changed weekly, but was not aerated. Retained elongation was measured after exposure for 1, 2, 3, and 6 weeks; data are shown in Fig. 14.3. The results indicate that bisphenol-cured FKM-A500 VDF/HFP copolymer, FKM-B600 VDF/HFP/TFE terpolymer, and peroxide-cured FEPM-7456 TFE/P/VDF terpolymer lost most of their original elongation over the course of the test exposure, indicating considerable additional cross-linking occurred by reaction with amine- and phenol-containing oil additives. The other fluoroelastomers showed better retention of elongation, being much less susceptible to additional crosslinking. Note that FEPM-7456 contains a high level of VDF (about 30%), while FEPM-7506 contains a relatively low VDF level (10–15%) to serve as cure site for bisphenol curing. The other FEPM types contain no VDF.
. It is also essential to ensure the wires are securely connected to both the spark plugs and the distributor or ignition coil.
Oil leaks can result in reduced oil pressure, causing engine damage due to inadequate lubrication Oil leaks can result in reduced oil pressure, causing engine damage due to inadequate lubrication
spark plug valve cover gasket. The primary function of the 4.6 valve cover gasket is to prevent oil from seeping into areas where it's not needed, such as the spark plugs or combustion chamber. This oil leakage not only reduces efficiency but can also lead to serious engine damage over time. It can contaminate the spark plugs, causing misfires, and if oil enters the combustion chamber, it can result in excessive smoke and potentially engine knocking. In conclusion, the cost of spark plugs and wires can vary greatly based on the type, quality, and quantity needed. While cheaper options might seem appealing, investing in higher-quality parts often pays off in terms of performance, longevity, and potential fuel savings. Always consult your vehicle's manual or a trusted mechanic for recommendations tailored to your specific make and model. 