A study published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2019 sought to examine the effects of titanium dioxide on intestinal inflammation. Researchers did this by feeding rats titanium dioxide nanoparticles and found that, after the course of two to three months, the animals had lower body weights and induced intestinal inflammation. The researchers also found the nanoparticles altered gut microbiota composition and aggravated chronic colitis. The rats also experienced reduced populations of CD4+T cells (which are cells that help organize immune responses by prompting other immune cells to fight infection), regulatory T cells, and white blood cells in mesenteric lymph nodes. The researchers wrote: “Dietary TiO2 nanoparticles could interfere with the balance of the immune system and dynamic of gut microbiome, which may result in low-grade intestinal inflammation and aggravated immunological response to external stimulus, thus introducing potential health risk.”
The major applications studied in the report include paints & coatings, plastics, printing inks, paper & pulps, rubber, leather, linoleum, and others. Region-wise, the market is studied across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA. Presently, Asia-Pacific accounts for the largest share of the market, followed by North America and Europe.
Lithopone B301, Lithopone B311 powder, brilliant white pigment used in paints, inks, leather, paper, linoleum, and face powder. It was developed in the 1870s as a substitute or supplement for lead carbonate (white lead), to overcome its drawbacks of toxicity, poor weathering, and darkening in atmospheres that contain sulfur compounds. Lithopone B301, Lithopone B311 powder is an insoluble mixture of barium sulfate and zinc sulfide that precipitates upon mixing solutions of barium sulfide and zinc sulfate. The precipitate is recovered by filtration, then calcined (roasted) at temperatures above 600° C (1,112° F). Although Lithopone B301, Lithopone B311 powder has been replaced in many applications by titanium dioxide, it is still widely used in a number of products, such as water paints.
At present, the domestic wet zinc smelting mainly adopts the roasting-leaching-electrowinning production process, and the zinc content in the acid leaching residue is generally 8-15%, some up to 20%, and the sulfur mass fraction is 6-12%, of which sulfuric acid The root mass fraction is 15-30%, mainly in the form of 0^0 4 (in this ammoniatic environment, the leaching rate of sulfate leaching in multiple stages can reach 70%). The zinc in the acid leaching residue is mainly in the form of ZnFe 2 0 4 . In order to recover these zinc, the treatment methods are currently available in the fire method and the wet method. The fire method is the rotary kiln evaporation method (Wilz method) and the fumigating furnace evaporation method. . The wet method has hot acid leaching or high temperature pressure leaching. The fire treatment process is long, the equipment maintenance is large, the investment is high, the working environment is poor, and a large amount of coal or metallurgical coking coal is consumed, which has low efficiency and large environmental pollution. Therefore, it is usually leached by hot acid or high-pressure leaching. These methods still have the disadvantages of: 1 consumption of a large amount of acid, low leaching rate, due to the large amount of calcium sulfate, calcium sulphate and other ultrafine particles to isolate the zinc oxide particles, resulting in Electrolytic zinc enterprises are difficult to leach in acid environment, and the second weak acid leaching is not meaningful because the recovery rate is too low. 2 If leached with strong acid, although ZnFe 2 0 4 is destroyed, the leaching rate is improved, but the iron leaching rate is also high (up to 60%). The pressure of iron removal is large, and more reagents are consumed. 3 High temperature and high pressure equipment is corroded. Serious, complicated equipment investment; 4 high operating costs, poor economic returns. 5 The last slag discharged is acid leaching residue, which brings new pollution to the environment. It has to be cured and landfilled, which not only pollutes the environment, but also wastes resources.
This process helps to increase the surface area of the anatase particles, which is crucial for enhancing their photocatalytic activity This process helps to increase the surface area of the anatase particles, which is crucial for enhancing their photocatalytic activity